Social Policy in Ontario

Modern Treaties Boost First Nations Income, Benefit Resource Companies

Posted on October 28, 2015 in Policy Context

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CDHowe.ca – News releases – beyond bettering First Nations economically, there are material benefits for resource companies and neighbouring communities.
October 28, 2015.   Fernando M. Aragón

Modern treaties have boosted incomes in First Nation communities and have led to more resource development, according to a new C.D. Howe Institute Report. In “The Effect of First Nations Modern Treaties on Local Income,” author Fernando M. Aragón shows that, beyond bettering First Nations economically, there are material benefits for resource companies and neighbouring communities.

“Despite the 1982 Constitution and several supportive decisions by the Supreme Court of Canada, the scope and extent of Aboriginal rights over their ancestral land are, in many cases, not well defined,” remarked Aragón. “As a result, many so-called ‘modern’ treaties, or Comprehensive Land Claim Agreements, which began in the 1970s, have sought to clarify who owns the land and its resources.”

The author examines the economic impact of these modern treaties on First Nation communities by comparing communities that implemented a treaty against other similar communities without treaties. Focusing on treaties implemented between 1991 and 2006 in rural BC, the Northwest Territories and Yukon, the author finds that modern treaties have:

– increased real average annual income by some 17 percent;
– increased the real income of workers in extractive industries by almost 40 percent; and
– increased the income of workers living in neighbouring, off-reserve communities by almost 9 percent.

The author argues that by clarifying property rights, treaties reduce the transaction costs for extractive industries such as mining and facilitate their development. Such clarification paves the way for more resource projects that may increase demand for local workers.

The author concludes: “modern treaties can foster development of extractive industries and benefit local economies. These are important findings in assessing the benefits of First Nations treaties.”

The C.D. Howe Institute is an independent not-for-profit research institute whose mission is to raise living standards by fostering economically sound public policies. It is Canada’s trusted source of essential policy intelligence, distinguished by research that is nonpartisan, evidence-based and subject to definitive expert review. It is considered by many to be Canada’s most influential think tank.

Click here for the full report: < https://www.cdhowe.org/effect-first-nations-modern-treaties-local-income >.

For more information contact: Fernando M. Aragón, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University; 416-865-1904, or email: kmurphy@cdhowe.org.

< https://www.cdhowe.org/modern-treaties-boost-first-nations-income-benefit-resource-companies >

Tags: economy, Indigenous, jurisdiction, rights, standard of living

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