Social Policy in Ontario

TheGlobeandMail.com – Opinions – The need for a sense of meaning and purpose to life is fulfilled, research shows
Published Wednesday, May 19, 2010.   By Robin Petré

People engaged in political activism are more likely to live happier and more fulfilling lives than the average person, according to two psychologists.

“There is something about activism itself that is beneficial for well-being,” says Tim Kasser, a psychology professor at Knox College in Galesburg, Ill., and co-author of a research paper based on studies of college students. “We found that activists were feeling more autonomy and more personal growth. They also felt they had better relationships, more purpose in life, and they liked themselves better.”

In one experiment, Prof. Kasser and his collaborator, Malte Klar, who teaches at the University of Göttingen in Germany, asked one group of students to think about food in an ethical way – that is, about whether the food was traded fairly and organic. They asked students in another group to think about whether they liked the taste of the food and its price. Both groups were then asked to write letters to the head of the dining services, discussing their particular perspective.

“The people who had been thinking and writing about the ethical aspects of the food ended up feeling more vital, alive and energetic than did the people who had just been writing about the more self-oriented, hedonistic aspects of the food,” says Prof. Kasser, who adds that the positive effects were clear despite the small amount of effort the students expended. “Basically, all they did was write a letter.”

Activism fulfills human needs on several levels. According to the study, which was published in the journal Political Psychology, it satisfies one’s eudaimonic needs – the need for a sense of meaning and purpose to life. More superficially, it fulfills the hedonic need to feel pleasure.

Prof. Kasser says activism “does a fairly good job” at satisfying the four psychological needs that must be met for a person to be happy: autonomy, competence, security and connection to others.

“I don’t doubt that part of the reason activism is good for people’s well-being is that they experience higher levels of connection to other people,” he says. “We are not trying to say that the only way to increase your well-being is through political activism, but we are saying that it is a good one.”

Prof. Kasser reckons that being mad about something – environmental degradation, for example – can motivate some people. He resists the idea that activism should be a catalyst for anger. On the other hand, activism will benefit you no matter what the motivation.

“You can be angry about some social injustice that you see, and if you engage in activism, it may not make your anger go away, but it seems like it provides you with other kinds of well-being, probably because you know you’re trying to do something about the thing you’re angry about,” Prof. Kasser says.

In their first two studies, Prof. Klar and Prof. Kasser measured two different kinds of activism. One is conventional activism. It includes actions such as marching on the street or signing a petition. High-risk activism, on the other hand, is engaging in radical behaviour such as breaking windows or directly confronting the police.

“High-risk activism showed to be a little positive, but not nearly as positive as conventional activism, which was consistently associated with being happier,” Prof. Kasser says. High-risk activism could result in harm or arrest, and as a result, “is not going to be associated with this high level of well-being,” he says.

Prof. Kasser adds that activism is one area where the close connection between the personal and the political – the individual and society – is very clear. “[A] thriving democracy can only survive if the people are politically active,” he says.

Robin Petré is a student at the Danish School of Journalism and an intern at Chicago-based In These Times.

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