Why universal screening for autism is a good idea
TheStar.com – Opinion/Commentary – ‘We don’t want to see Canadian children reaching school age before being identified as having autism. But that is precisely what is happening too often already.’
Apr 23 2016. By: Laurie Mawlam
Over the years, Autism Canada has talked to thousands of parents and there has been a similar refrain. Their children didn’t get an early diagnosis because too many well-intentioned health practitioners and educators dismissed early red flags and parental concerns in favour of a “wait and see” approach.
Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social communication, rigid, repetitive behaviours and uneven intellectual development. The causes of autism are unknown, but what we do know is that early diagnosis and interventions – such as speech, occupational and behavioural therapy – have real and lasting positive benefits on the child’s development.
The prevalence of autism is high enough that it warrants universal screening. Autism is now being diagnosed in one in 68 children in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and we believe these numbers to be similar in Canada.
Combine this late detection of autism with the often months- or years-long wait times for official autism diagnosis in the public health system, followed by more long waits for treatments in both the public health and education systems – not to mention age cut-off dates for specific treatments in some provinces – and you have children who miss the opportunities that early intervention affords.
We don’t want to see Canadian children reaching school age before being identified as having autism. But that’s precisely what is happening too often already – and the cost affects us all.
This is why it was surprising to hear the recently released guidelines from the task force on screening for developmental delay in children convened by Canada’s public health agency. Why a surprise? Because the task force recommended against screening all children aged one to four for developmental delay whether or not they show signs or are at risk of delay. The panel declared there was no “meaningful benefit” from universal screening and cited a lack of evidence. Interestingly, it did not broach the topic of autism screening.
A different sort of panel recently came to an opposite conclusion.
Just last year, an international panel of multi-disciplinary experts in screening and intervention specific to autism (and not developmental delay generally) came out for universal screening. In a paper published in Pediatrics, the group endorsed autism screening for all children whether or not they show signs or have risk factors, which includes seeking signs of cognitive delay, among other indicators.
While the guidelines by the Canadian task force focus on overall developmental delay and are not intended to address autism specifically, this is not a case of comparing apples to oranges. There is a real threat that the task force recommendations include, by default, a recommendation against screening for autism too.
The call for early autism screening is loud and comes from many corners. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended screening for ASD at ages 18 and 24 months, and recent research suggests some atypical behaviors could be detected even earlier.
Early screening and diagnosis leads to early intervention and improved outcomes. The research tells us that early intervention can result in significant improvements in social communication, cognitive function and play skills. It makes a huge difference that we identify these children early and make available meaningful supports and treatment.
So why should we be doing universal screening for autism? Screening could take the subjectivity out of the process and provide important data for future decision-making.
There are already screening tools that accurately identify toddlers at highest risk of ASD. These tools could easily be incorporated into screening at well-baby visits. For example, there is good evidence for the M-CHAT-R, a form that can be completed by a parent and scored by a physician in five to 10 minutes. There is virtually no risk in using this screening tool, yet there is a huge potential for high impact benefits.
With the availability of screening tools that accurately identify toddlers at highest risk of ASD, and accumulating evidence that interventions targeted at this age range lead to better outcomes, children with ASD stand to benefit from incorporating screening into standard practice. This is why Autism Canada recommends continuous developmental surveillance and autism-specific screening at 18 months, 24 months and whenever a parent or child care provider expresses concern.
The task force may have passed on a universal screening for developmental delay in Canadian children, but we hope the Public Health Agency of Canada, which convened the panel, considers recommending universal screening for autism instead. The evidence supports such an action and the tools are in place. We just need the political will to make it happen.
Laurie Mawlam is Executive Director of Autism Canada.
< http://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2016/04/23/why-universal-screening-for-autism-is-a-good-idea.html >
Tags: child care, disabilities, mental Health, participation, standard of living
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